Monoplane.



L. A. HEWITT.

MONOPLANE.

I APPLICATION FILED MAY 26,1910, 1,000,808. Patented Aug. 15,1911.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

3 wuemtoaa L. A. HEWITT.

MONOPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 25, 1910.

1,000,808. Patented Aug. 15, 1911.

Sum/M01 L. A. HEWITT.

MONOPLANE.

APPLICATION mm) my 25, 1010.

1,000,808. Patented Aug. 15, 1911.

mm rum. In Luna. Nnmuluu, n. c.

" TATES I PATENT OFFICE. v

FRANKLIN E.

LEON n'nwxrr. or LIVERMORE, Iowa; ASSIGNOR OF' ONEHALF '10 r COLLINS, or LIVERMOR-E, IOWA.

i l a MONO PLANEJ Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Aug, 15, 1911; Application filed May 25, 1910. Serial No. 663,329.

To all' 1o7zoinit may concern: v i portthe flotation plane 7. the oppositely ex- Belt known that I LEON A. Ilnwrrr, a tending wings S and t) of which project citizen of the United States. residing at longitudinallv beyond the opposite sides of Livern'iore,ifirth'ecounty of l-luml'ioldt and the frame at right angles to the line of 5 Statenoflowa, have invented new and useflight, and are concavo-convexlv curved ful Improvements in Monoplanes, of which transversely for the dynamical reactions of the following is a specification. the currents of air thereon to secure the de- This invention relates to n'ionoplane fly sired lifting and supporting effect. These -,ing machines, the object beingto providea wings also curve or incline outwardlv and 10simple construction of machine which will upwardly at a desired radius or angle. so

be to'a large degree self-balancing and which as to adapt them to act upon dihedral-angle embodies simple A and effective means for principle of opposing counteracting resistvertical'and' horizontal steering and manual ances when the machine tilts laterally in one balancing operations. direction or the other to automatically main- 15 The invention consists of the features. of tain the lateral balance.

construction,-combination and arrangement The propelling motor 10 is mounted at of parts, hereinafter more fully described the upper front portion of the frame upon a and claimed, reference being had to the acbed or platform 11 resting upon and secured companying drawings, in which to suitable transverse sills 12 extending he- 20 ,l igure 1 is a view in side elevation of a tween the forward ends of the arms of the flying machine it constructed in accordance frame portion 3, the shaft of the motor exwith myinventi'on. Fig. 2 is a front elevatending beyond the front of the nmchiue tion "thereof. Fig. 3 is a top plan view. through the frame portion '2 and carrviug a Fig. {his a perspective view of the main suitable tractor propeller 13. i

26 frame on a reduced scale. Figs. 5 and 6 are The aviators seat is secured to and bedetail views of parts of the steeringand tween the arms of the frame portion 3 at a balancing devices, point. just in the rear of the vertical trans- Refe'rring tofthe drawings. 1 lesignates versecent'er of the frame and is provided the main frame of the machine, w'hich comwith a foot rest 15 disposed below said 3 prises an upright; inverted V-shaped portion frame portion and carrying a forwardlv 2,. a downwardly and rearwardly inclined projecting shelf 16. I V-shaped portion 3, the arms or bars of The machine is mounted upon a suitable which are connected at their divergent ends wheel base comprising, in the present inwith the arms of the portion 2 and united stance, a pair of front wheels 17 journaled 35 at. their convergent ends or vertex l. The upon axle or spindle extensions 18 from the portion 2' has its arms connected at their bar 5, and a rear trail wheel 1!) carried by a lower or divergent ends by a cross bar 5, the fork or bracket 20 forming the lower norends 10f] which bar are connected with the mally downwardly and rearwardly inclined vertex. 4 of'the portion 3 by horizontally arm of a bell crank lever 21, the other arm 40 converging braces 6. The frame thus con- 22 of which lever is relatively longer than structed'is ,composedin effect of an upright the arm 20 and extends normally a an uptriangular portion 2, an upwardly and rearward and rearward inclination. The lower wardly inclined triangular portion (3, the end of the lever arm has connected there 1on5 forming the base of both triangles, with an angularlyhcnt crank member .23

1: and braces} connecting the apex of the and is universally jointed as at 24, to the triangle fiawit hthe sides or arms of the vertex at of the portion 3 of the frame, triangle 2 below the top of the latter. T he whereby the bell crank lever and wheel 19 'oracesfi andgsuperposed arms of the frame are adapted. to swing both vertically andport ion ltilalso' form triangles whose bases laterally for guiding .and steering opera- 50 are formed by the side arms of the portion tions, as hereinafter described. Mounted 6', whereby an extremely simple and yet very upon and projecting rearwardly', from the strong-and durable. construction of frame arm 22 ,of the bell crank lever.;21, is anoris provided molly horizontal plane 25, which serves as 'The ,rearwa 'dly converging arms 3 supa balancing tail to maintainathe forwa'nd lateral balancing.

aft equilibrium of the machine, as =a hpri- 'zontal rudder' for v'e'rtitgl steering'and as a tiltable rudd'enfor hor1 ontal steering'and' The means-for operating the. plane 25 comprises a shaft 26 arranged in advance of the vaviators seat and provided at its upper end with a hand wheel 27 The lower 'endof' the shaftgisjournaledin a laterally oscillating bearing 28 upon the forward end of 'a rod 29- and extends downwardly through slots .or openings 30 and 31 formed.

respectively in the inclined shelf 16 and the correspondingly bent forward angular end of a rod 32', which slots or openingsrespectively permit the shaft. to have lateral pivotal motion and the rod .32 to move.

longitudinally with respect to the shaft, The rear end of'the rod v32"is pivotally connected to the crank member .23 while the forward end thereof is connected by cords 33 and 34. with the lower end of the said shaft, said cords being respectively secured to the rods in front and rear of the shaft and reversely 'wound upon said shaft. Hence, by turning the shaft in one direction one of the cords will be wound and' the other unwound to shift the bar forwardly, whereby the bell crank lever will be tilted downward on the joint 24: to' depressthe plane 25 While a reverse rotary movement of the shaft will unwind the cord 3 4 fand wind the cord 33 to shift the rod rearwardly and thus elevate the plane 25, by means of which the machine maybe steered up or down and the fore-and aft balance" manually controlled. The rod 29 carrying the'o'sc'illating hearing 28 is formed offront and rear sections 35 and 36, the rear section ,36 being hollow v to receive the front'section 35, and being.

pivotally connected with the crank lever 23 above the'point of connection of the 'rod 32 therewith. The two sections 29 and 36 thus have a telescopic engagement, permitting the section 36 to slide 11 on the" section 35 to compensate for and alow of the swingingmove ment of the bell crank lever. in

adjusting the plane 25 vertically. The sides of'the sleeve or tubular section 36 are '24-, so that said plane maybe shifted at such an anglefito the lineof travel of the, machine to prisent its" greater angle of incidence to the right or "left in orderiithat themachinemay be laterally steered, later ally balanced and banked in making a turn? Provision is thus made'for "an' effective manual control in balancing and. steering the machine in both general directions an banking the machine properly, when it traverses a curved path'through the use of a single steering rudder," whichmfiirther serves the function of a tail for preserving the fore and aft b alance. It will also be understood that through the connections described .thetrail wheel 19 which acts as a caster wheel, may lee-turned to'th'e right or left tosteer the vehicle along the surface of the ground in starting and landing.

From the foregoing description, the con struction and mode of operation of my improved monoplane .machine will be readily, understood and it will be seen that it provides a machine which is-simpleofconstruction and comprises a m nimum number of parts, and which may thus be lighltly con:

structed without 'sacrificeof strength and controlled in flight in an easy and con,-,. venient manner. l Having thus described my invention, I claim: 7

1. A flying machine comprising a frame for'meclof vertical and horizontaltriangulan portions, said triangular portions having a" common base piece, front wheels journaledon" said base' piece, braces connecting the vertex of the horizontal triangular portion with the arms of the vertical triangular portionbelow the Vertex thereof, a trail wheel, a horizontal balancing and steering plane universally joined with the wheel to the vertex of thehorizontal triangular por'-' tion, means for vertically swinging and laterally tilting said plane, a supporting plane mounted upon the braces, a motor also l mounted upon said braces, and a propeller drivenby said motor. I

2. A flying machine comprising a frame, a supporting plane carried thereby, a lever universally joined to the rear end ofjthe' frame and extending upwardly and rearwardly above the. level of the plane, a horizontal rudder carried by said lever, an operating. shaft having rotary and, lateral swinging movements, a rod pivoted" fothe lever, cords wound reversely about the shaft and connected'with itli rod for shifting the same in opposite directions, a connection between the shaft and lever for imparting lateral motion thereto, said connection consist ing of telescoping members,"a1id means connecting said members for a relative sliding motion and for lateral movement. in unison.

3. A flying machine 'co'mprisin aframe, a supporting plane thereon, .a liver unifl versally joined to the rear'end of the frame extending,upwardly and rearw'ardly beyo'nd the level of the plane, a horizontalrudaer carried by said lever, a trail wheel members, one having a pin sliclably engag- 10 connected with the lever, an operating shaftl ing a slot in the other.

having roetary' and lateral swinging more In testimony whereof I afiix my signature ments, a rod pivoted to the lover, cords 1n presence 0 two witnesses. wound in ()PPOSItQ'ClIIGCtIOHS upon the shaft LEON A HEWITT and connecting the samew'vith the rod, and a connection between the shaft and lever for Witnesses: 1

imparting lateral tilting motion to said I. H. ZIGRANG,

lever, said connection comprising; telescopic C. KINLUND. 

